Best Practice for Test classes | Sample Test class

In this post we will talk about best practice for test classes with test class examples in Salesforce. We will also talk about how to write Salesforce test class for controller, test class for Standard Controller, test class for trigger in salesforce with example.

What to Test In Apex?

Salesforce.com recommends the following components need to test.

1. Single Records: 

This includes testing to verify that a single record produces the correct, expected result

2. Bulk Records: 

Any apex code, whether a triggers, a class or on extension may be used for 1to 200 records we must test not only the single record case, but the bulk cases as well.

3. Positive scenarios: 

This type of component testing expect a system to save a record without error.

4. Negative scenarios: 

This type of component testing expect a system to give error.

5. Restricted User: 

Test whether a user with restricted access to the objects used in code sees the expected behavior, i.e whether they can run the code or receive error messages.

Here Example of Test Classes

Test Class for Trigger

@isTest 
public class TriggerTestClass 
{
    static testMethod void testMethod1() 
 {
  // Perform DML here only
 
        }
}

Test Class for Standard Controller

@isTest 
public class ExtensionTestClass 
{
 static testMethod void testMethod1() 
 {
 Account testAccount = new Account();
 testAccount.Name='Test Account record' ;
 insert testAccount;

 Test.StartTest(); 
  ApexPages.StandardController sc = new ApexPages.StandardController(testAccount);
  myControllerExtension testAccPlan = new myControllerExtension(sc);

  PageReference pageRef = Page.AccountPlan; // Add your VF page Name here
  pageRef.getParameters().put('id', String.valueOf(testAccount.Id));
  Test.setCurrentPage(pageRef);

  //testAccPlan.save(); call all your function here
 Test.StopTest();
 }
}

Test Class for Controller class

@isTest 
public class ControllerTestClass 
{
 static testMethod void testMethod1() 
 {
 Account testAccount = new Account();
 testAccount.Name='Test Account record' ;
 insert testAccount;

 Test.StartTest(); 

  PageReference pageRef = Page.AccountPlan; // Add your VF page Name here
  pageRef.getParameters().put('id', String.valueOf(testAccount.Id));
  Test.setCurrentPage(pageRef);

  myController testAccPlan = new myController();
  
  //testAccPlan.save(); call all your function here
 Test.StopTest();
 }
}

Test Class for StandardSetController

@isTest 
public class TestStandardSetController 
{
 static testMethod void testMethod1() 
 {
 List <Account> lstAccount = new List<Account>();
 
 Account testAccount = new Account();
 testAccount.Name='Test Account' ;
 lstAccount.add(testAccount);
 Account testAccount1 = new Account();
 testAccount1.Name='Test Account11' ;
 lstAccount.add(testAccount1);

 insert  lstAccount;
 
 Test.startTest();
  Test.setCurrentPage(Page.YOUR_PAGE);
  ApexPages.StandardSetController stdSetController = new ApexPages.StandardSetController(lstAccount);
  stdSetController.setSelected(lstAccount);
  YOUR_Extension ext = new YOUR_Extension(stdSetController);
 Test.stopTest();
 }
}

Please follow below salesforce Best Practice for Test Classes :-

1. Test class must start with @isTest annotation if class class version is more than 25
2. Test environment support @testVisible, @testSetup as well
3. Unit test is to test particular piece of code working properly or not .
4. Unit test method takes no argument, send no email , commit no data to database and flagged with testMethod keyword .
5. To deploy to production at least 75% code coverage is required
6. Test method and test classes are not counted as a part of code limit7. System.debug statement are not counted as a part of apex code limit.8. We should not focus on the  percentage of code coverage ,we should make sure that every use case should covered including positive, negative,bulk and single record .

• Single Action -To verify that the the single record produces the correct an expected result .
• Bulk action -Any apex record trigger ,class or extension must be invoked for 1-200 records .
• Positive behavior : Test every expected behavior occurs through every expected permutation , i,e user filled out every correctly data and not go past the limit .
• Negative Testcase :-Not to add future date , Not to specify negative amount.
• Restricted User :-Test whether a user with restricted access used in your code .

9. Test class should be annotated with @isTest .
10 . @isTest annotation with test method  is equivalent to testMethod keyword .
11. Test method should static and no void return type .
12. Test class and method default access is private ,no matter to add access specifier .
13. Classes with @isTest annotation can't be a interface or enum .
14. Test method code can't be invoked by non test request .
15. Stating with salesforce API 28.0 test method can not reside inside non test classes .
16. @Testvisible annotation to make visible private methods inside test classes.
17. Test method can't be used to test web-service call out . Please use call out mock .
18. You can't  send email from test method.
19.User, profile, organization, AsyncApexjob, Corntrigger, RecordType, ApexClass, ApexComponent ,ApexPage we can access without (seeAllData=true) .
20. SeeAllData=true will not work for API 23 version eailer .
21. Accessing static resource test records in test class e,g List<Account> accList=Test.loadData(Account,SobjectType,'ResourceName').
22. Create TestFactory class with @isTest annotation to exclude from organization code size limit .
23. @testSetup to create test records once in a method  and use in every test method in the test class .
24. We can run unit test by using Salesforce Standard UI,Force.com IDE ,Console ,API.
25. As apex runs in system mode so the permission and record sharing are not taken into account . So we need to use system.runAs to enforce record sharing .
26. System.runAs will not enforce user permission or field level permission .
27. Every test to runAs count against the total number of DML issued in the process .

Please check below post to learn more about test classes.

1) Code Coverage Report in excel Format | Test Class Result in XLS

2) Salesforce Testing Best Practice Guidelines | Unit Test Mechanism in Salesforce   

3) StartTest and stopTest Method

4) Test classes with @isTest

5) @testSetup ( Set Up Test Data for an Entire Test Class )

6) How to write test class for Scheduler /Schedulable class in Salesforce

7) Test Utility Classes | TestDataFactory | Util Test in salesforce

 

 

Please let us know if this post will help you


Thanks
Amit Chaudhary